Australian swimmer and politician
Dawn Fraser in May | |
| Nickname | "Dawny" |
|---|---|
| National&#;team | &#;Australia |
| Born | () 4 September (age&#;87) Balmain, Sydney, Australia |
| Height | &#;m (5&#;ft 8&#;in) |
| Weight | 67 kg (&#;lb) |
| In office 19 March &#;– 25 May | |
| Preceded by | Peter Crawford |
| Succeeded by | District abolished |
| Sport | Swimming |
| Strokes | Freestyle, butterfly |
Dawn FraserAC MBE (born 4 September ) is an Australian freestyle champion swimmer, eight-time olympic medallist, a year world record holder in the metre freestyle, and former politician. Controversial, yet the winner of countless honours, she has enjoyed national prominence and sparked national pride in Australia. She is one of only four swimmers to have won the same Olympic individual event three times – in her case the women's metre freestyle.[1]
Fraser was born in the Sydney suburb of Balmain, New South Wales, in into a poor working-class family, the youngest of eight children.[2] Her father, Kenneth Fraser, was from Embo, Scotland.[3] She was spotted at the early age of 14 by Sydney coach Harry Gallagher swimming at the local harbourside baths.
As a highlight of her swimming career, Fraser held 39 records and won eight Olympic medals for Australia, including four gold. Adding to her popularity in her native country and the British Commonwealth, she captured six Commonwealth Games gold medals. She dominated the high profile metres freestyle event, holding the record for 15 years from 1 December to 8 January [4]
She is the first of only four swimmers in Olympic history (Hungarian Krisztina Egerszegi and Americans Michael Phelps and Katie Ledecky being the three others) to have won individual gold medals for the same event at three successive Olympics ( metres freestyle – , , ).[4]
In October , she became the first woman to swim the metres freestyle in less than one minute setting the record of , a feat that elevated her to national prominence and made her a hero in Australia where swimming was a popular sport.[5][6][4] It was not until , eight years after Fraser retired, that her m record of secs was broken.[7]
Several weeks before the Olympics, Fraser was injured in a car crash that injured a vertebra and resulted in the death of her mother Rose. Her sister and a friend were also travelling in Fraser's car during the accident, but survived.[8] This was a fresh tragedy for Fraser and her family following her older brother's death from leukemia in , and her father's death from cancer in
During the Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Fraser angered swimming team sponsors and the Australian Swimming Union (ASU) by marching in the opening ceremony against their wishes, and wearing an older swimming costume in competition, as she found it more comfortable than the one supplied by the sponsors. She was also accused of stealing an Olympic flag from a flagpole outside Emperor Hirohito's palace, the Kōkyo. She was arrested but released without charge. In the end she was given the flag as a souvenir.[9]
Fraser later denied having swum the moat to steal the flag, telling The Times in "There's no way I would have swum that moat. I was terrified of dirty water and that moat was filthy. There's no way I'd have dipped my toe in it."[10] The Australian Amateur Swimming Association banned Fraser from competitive swimming for 10 years.[11]
Fraser became a publican at the Riverview Hotel, Balmain, and took up swim coaching.
In , Fraser was elected as an independent to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the seat of Balmain. The Balmain electorate was abolished in , and after failing to win the new seat of Port Jackson, she retired from politics.[1][12]
Fraser married Gary Ware on 30 January at St Stephen’s Church, Macquarie Street, Sydney.[13] The marriage was short-lived. She has one daughter from the marriage, who has a son. She and her family live in Noosa on the Sunshine Coast in Queensland. This move north from Sydney to the warmer, subtropical climate of Noosa was intended to reduce the breathing problems caused by Fraser's asthma, as the warmer air and increased vitamin D from sunlight are beneficial for the condition.[14][15]
Fraser is the great-aunt of Canadian soccer player Danielle Steer.[16]
In , Fraser told the ABC: "I mean I wish I could be as outspoken, I suppose, as Pauline Hanson and say, 'look, I'm sick and tired of the immigrants that are coming into my country.'" Fraser also stated her interest in joining Hanson's One Nation Party.[17]
In , during an interview on the Today program, Fraser was asked about recent behaviour of Nick Kyrgios at Wimbledon and Bernard Tomic’s comments about Tennis Australia, which resulted in Tomic being removed from the Davis Cup team. Fraser said, "They should be setting a better example for the younger generation of this country If they don’t like it, go back to where their fathers or their parents came from". (Kyrgios is of Malay and Greek ancestry, while Tomic is of Croat extraction.) Kyrgios responded by describing her as a "blatant racist", and Fraser's comments were criticised by Australia’s Race Discrimination CommissionerTim Soutphommasane.[18][19][20][21] Fraser "unreservedly" apologised for her comments.[18]
In , a movie called Dawn! was made about Fraser's life and career. It starred Bronwyn Mackay-Payne as Fraser.
Fraser was played by Melissa Thomas in the film Swimming Upstream. Fraser herself is credited in the film as Dawn Fraser's coach. On 1 September , Dawn Fraser featured on Season 7, Episode 5, of the SBS genealogy television series Who Do You Think You Are?, which traced her heritage back to South America.
Lauded as an Australian hero, Fraser was named the Australian of the Year in ,[22] was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in ,[23] was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) using her married name Dawn Ware in ,[24] and was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in [25] She was named Australian Female Athlete of the Century by the Sport Australia Hall of Fame,[26] who had inducted her as their first female member in [27] In the International Olympic Committee named her the World's Greatest Living Female Water Sports Champion.[28] On 14 July , Fraser was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for "outstanding contribution as a swimming competitor".[29][28]
She was one of the bearers of the Olympic Torch at the opening ceremony of the Summer Olympics in Sydney. She carried the Olympic Torch at the stadium, as one of the bearers for the final segment, before the lighting of the Olympic Flame.
The Australian Sport Awards includes an award named in honour of and presented by Fraser. The harbourside baths in Balmain where she swam were named the Dawn Fraser Swimming Pool in her honour in ,[30] and in , the State Transit Authority named a RiverCat ferry after Fraser.
As part of the Queen's Birthday Honours she was advanced to a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).[31]
In , she was an inaugural inductee of the Swimming Australia Hall of Fame.[32]
| Event | Time | Place | |
| Summer Olympics | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| m Freestyle | Gold | WR | |
| m Freestyle | Silver | ||
| 4 × m Freestyle Relay | Gold | WR | |
| Summer Olympics | |||
| m Freestyle | Gold | OR | |
| m Freestyle | 5th | ||
| 4 × m Freestyle Relay | Silver | ||
| 4 × m Medley Relay | Silver | ||
| Summer Olympics | |||
| m Freestyle | Gold | OR | |
| m Freestyle | 4th | ||
| 4 × m Freestyle Relay | Silver | ||
| 4 × m Medley Relay | 9th | ||
Olympic champions in women's 4 × m freestyle relay | |
|---|---|
|